第十篇 公共服务

PART X PUBLIC SERVICES
第十篇 公共服务
Article 132. Public services
第132条 公共服务

(1) For the purposes of this Constitution, the public services are—
(1) 为本宪法目的，公共服务为--
(a) the armed forces;
(a)武装部队；

(b) the judicial and legal service;
(b)司法与律政服务；

(c) the general public service of the Federation;
(c)联合邦普通公共服务；

(d) the police force;
(d)警察部队；

(e) (Repealed);
(e)(已废除)；

(f) the joint public services mentioned in Article 133;
(f)第133条所述之联合公共服务：

(g) the public service of each State; and
(g)各州公共服务；及

(h) the education service.
(h)教育服务；

(2) Except as otherwise expressly provided by this Constitution, the qualifications for appointment and conditions of service of persons in the public services other than those mentioned in paragraph (g) of Clause (1) may be regulated by federal law and, subject to the provisions of any such law, by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong; and the qualifications for appointment and conditions of service of persons in the public service of any State may be regulated by State law and, subject to the provisions of any such law, by the Ruler or Yang di- Pertua Negeri of that State.
(2)除非本宪法另有明文规定，公共服务--不包括第(1)款(g)节所述之公共服务--人员之任职资格及服务条件，可由联邦法律及在其他法律规定约束下由最高元首规定；任何州公共服务人员之任职资格及服务条件，可由州法律规定，并可在任何该等法律约束下由该州统治者或州元首规定。

(2A) Except as expressly provided by this Constitution, every person who is a member of any of the services mentioned in paragraphs (a), (b), (c), (d), (f) and (h) of Clause (1) holds office during the pleasure of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, and, except as expressly provided by the Constitution of the State, every person who is a member of the public service of a State holds office during the pleasure of the Ruler or Yang di-Pertua Negeri.
(2A)除非本宪法有明文规定，第(1)款(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)、(f)及(h)节所述任何公共服务人员，乃在最高元首意旨下任职；又除非州宪法有明文规定，州公共服务人员乃在该州统治者或州元首意旨下任职。

(3) The public service shall not be taken to comprise—
(3)公共服务不包括--

(a) the office of any member of the administration in the Federation or a State; or
(a)联合邦或州行政之任何职位；或

(b) the office of President, Speaker, Deputy President, Deputy Speaker or member of either House of Parliament or of the Legislative Assembly of a State; or
(b)国会任何一院或州立法议会之院长、议长、副院长、副议长或议员之职位；或

(c) the office of judge of the Federal Court, the Court of Appeal or a High Court; or
(c)联邦法院、上诉庭、或高等法院法官之职位：或

(d) the office of member of any Commission or Council established by this Constitution or any corresponding Commission or Council established by the Constitution of a State; or
(d)本宪法所设任何委员会或理事会成员之职位、或州宪法所设任何相应之委员会或理事会成员之职位；或

(e) such diplomatic posts as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong may by order prescribe, being post which but for the order would be posts in the general public service of the Federation.
(e)最高元首谕令规定之外交职位，该等职位若非该项谕令，原属联合邦普通公共服务之职位者。

(4) References in the Part, except in Articles 136 and 147, to person in the public service or to members of any of the public service shall not apply to—
(4) 除第136及147条外，本篇所指公共服务人员或任何公共服务人员，不得施用於--

(a) (Repealed);
(a)(已废除)：

(b) the Attorney General or, if provisions for the manner of his appointment and removal from office is specifically included in the Constitution of the State, or if he is appointed otherwise than from among the members of the judicial and legal service or of the public service of the State, the legal adviser of any State; or
(b)总检察长、或任何州法律顾问--如果其任免方式已明确列入州宪法、或并非从州司法与律政服务、或州公共服务人员中委任者；或

(c) a member of the personal staff of the Yang di Pertuan Agong or of a Ruler or Yang di-Pertua Negeri; or
(c)最高元首或州统治者或州元首之私人职员；或

(d) in the case of Malacca and Penang, if provision is made by State law for their appointment—
(d)在槟城州及马六甲州之情况，如由州法律规定委任者，下列人员--

(i) the President of the Religious Affairs Department;
(i) 宗教事务局主席；

(ii) the Secretary of the Religious Affairs Department;
(ii) 宗教事务局秘书；

(iii) the Mufti;
(iii) 回教顾问：

(iv) the Kadi Besar; or
(iv) 回教事务大法官：或

(v) a Kadi
(v) 回教事务法官。

Article 133. Joint services, etc.
第133条 联合服务及其他

(1) Joint services, common to the Federation and one or more of the States or, at the request of the States concerned, to two or more States, may be established by federal law.
(1)可以依据联邦法律设立联合邦与一州或多州之间的联合服务，或在有关各州要求下，设立两州或多州之间的联合服务。

(2) Where a member of any of the public services is employed—
(2) 当任何公共服务人员之雇佣乃--

(a) partly for federal purposes and partly for State purposes; or
(a) 部份为联邦目的及部份为州目的时：或

(b) for the purposes of two or more States, the proportion, if any, of his remuneration payable by the Federation and the State or States concerned or, as the case may be, by each of the States concerned , shall, subject to federal law, be determined by agreement or, in default of agreement, by the Commission whose jurisdiction extends to him.
(b)为两州或多州目的时，其薪酬支付此例(如有)必须由联合邦与有关之州、或每一有关之州—
视情况而定--依据联邦法律以协议方式决定；或在无法协议时，由对其有管辖权之委员会决定。


Article 134. Secondment of officers
第134条 官员之外借

(1) The Federation may, at the request of a State, local authority, or statutory authority or of any organization, in or outside Malaysia, second any member of its public services to the service
of that State, authority or organization, as the case may be; and a State may, at the request of the Federation, another State, a local authority or a statutory authority or of any organization, in or outside Malaysia, second any member of its own public service to the service of the Federation, other State, authority or organization, as the case may be.
(1)联合邦可以在一州、地方政府、法定机关、或在马来西亚境内及境外之任何机构要求下，将其公共服务主任何成员外借给该州、机关、或机构--视情况而定；而一州亦可以在联合邦、另一州、地方政府、法定机关、或在马来西亚境内及境外之任何机构要求下，将其公共服务之任何成员外借给联合邦、另一州、机关、或机构--视情况而定。

(2) A person seconded under this Article shall remain a member of the service to which he belongs, but his remuneration shall be paid by the Federation, State, authority or organization, as the case may be, to whose service he is seconded.
(2)一名在本条下外借之人工必须仍属原服务机关之人员，惟其薪酬必须由借用他的联合邦、州、机关、或机构--视情况而定--支付。

Article 135. Restriction on dismissal and reduction in rank
第135条 开除与降级之限制
(1) No member of any of the services mentioned in paragraphs (b) to (h) of Clause (1) of Article 132 shall be dismissed or reduced in rank by an authority subordinate to that which, at the time of the dismissal or reduction, has power to appoint a member of that service of equal rank:
(1)第132条第(1)款(b)饰王(h)节所列任何公共服务人员，不得被任何机关开除或降级，如果在他被开除或降级时，该机关之地位乃低於有权委任与其同级人员之机关；

Provided that in its application to members of the services mentioned in paragraph (g) of Clause (1) of Article 132 this Clause shall not apply to any law which the legislature of any State, other than Penang and Malacca, may make to provide that all powers and functions of a Public Service Commission of such State, other than the power of first appointment to the permanent or pensionable establishment, be exercised by a Board appointed by the Ruler of such State:
惟规定：当对第132(1)(g)条所述人员施用时，除槟城州及马六甲州外，本款不得施用於任何州立法机关可以立法规定之法律，这些州法律乃规定该州公共服务委员会之所有权力及职能——除第一次委任永久性或可享养老金之权力外--必须由一个由该州统治者委任之局执行者；

And provided further that this Clause shall not apply to a case where a member of any of the services mentioned in this Clause is dismissed or reduced in rank by an authority in pursuance of a power delegated to it by a Commission to which this Part applies, and this proviso shall be deemed to have been an integral part of this Clause as from Merdeka Day.
惟进一步规定：本款不得施用於——本款所述任何一公共服务人员被本篇所设委员会授权之机关开除或降级的--情况；而此项限制性条文必须被视为自「独立日」起即已成为本款之组成部份。


(2) No member of such a service as aforesaid shall be dismissed or reduced in rank without being given a reasonable opportunity of being heard:
Provided that this clause shall not apply to the following cases:
(2) 上述公共服务之任何人员，不得在未获得合理的申辩机会之情况下被开除或降级；
惟规定：本款不得施用於下列情况--

(a) where a member of such a service is dismissed or reduced in rank on the ground of conduct in respect of which a criminal charge has been proved against him; or
(a)当一服务人员已被证明因触犯刑事罪而被开除或降级；或

(b) where the authority empowered to dismiss or reduce in rank a member of such a service is satisfied that for some reason, to be recorded by that authority in writing, it is not reasonably practicable to carry out the requirements of this Clause; or
(b)当有权将该服务人员开除或降级之机关确认为基於——些该机关必须记录在案的理由而无法合理及实际地执行本款之规定：或

(c) where the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, or, in the case of a member of the public service of a State, the Ruler or Yang di-Pertua Negeri of that State, is satisfied that in the interests of the security of the Federation or any part thereof it is not expedient to carry out the requirements of this Clause; or
(c)当最高元首或——在州公共服务人员的情况——州统治者或州元首，确认为基於联合邦或其任何地区之保安利益而不便执行本款之规定；或

(d) where there has been made against a member of such a service any order of detention, supervision, restricted residence, banishment or deportation, or where there has
been imposed on such a member any form of restriction or supervision by bond or otherwise, under any law relating to the security of the Federation or any part thereof,
prevention of crime, preventive detention, restricted residence, banishment, immigration, or protection of women and girls:
Provided further that for the purpose of this Article, where the service of a member of such a service is terminated in the public interest under any law for the time being in force or under any regulation made by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong under Clause (2) of Article 132, such termination of service shall not constitute dismissal whether or not the decision to terminate the service is connected with the misconduct of or unsatisfactory performance of duty by such member in relation to his office or the consequences of the termination involved an element of punishment; and this proviso shall be deemed to have been an integral part of this Article as from Merdeka Day.
(d)当已对该服务人员发出任何扣留、监视、限制居留、出境或放逐之训令、或依据有关联合邦或其任何地区之保安、防范犯罪、预防性扣留、限制居留、驱逐出境、移民、或保护妇女之法律、或以具保形式对该名人员施于任何形式之限制或监视；
惟进一步规定：为本条目的，当因依据当时有效之任何法律或最高元首依据第132(2)条所制定之条规，基於公众利益而终止一服务人员之服务时，该项停职并不等於开除，不论作出停职之决定是否与该人员行为失检或执行职务时表现差劣有关、或该项停职引起惩罚後果；而此项限制性条文必须被视为自「独立日」起即已成为本条之组成部份。


(3) No member of any of the services mentioned in paragraph (c), (f) or (g) of Clause (1) of Article 132 shall, without the concurrence of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission, be dismissed or reduced in rank or suffer any other disciplinary measure for anything done or omitted by him in the exercise of a judicial function conferred on him by law.
(3)除非获得司法与律政委员会同意，第132条第(1)款(c)、(f)或(g)节所述任何一项公共服务人员，不得因执行法律赋予之司法职权而作出或未作出主任何事而被开除、降级、或受其他纪律处分。

Article 136. Impartial treatment of Federal employees
第136条 对联邦雇员之公平待遇

All persons of whatever race in the same grade in the service of the Federation shall, subject to the terms and conditions of their employment, be treated impartially.
在联合邦公共服务中属同一等级之人士，不论属何种族，必须在其雇佣条件约束下获得公平待遇。

Article 137. Impartial treatment of Federal employees
第137条 武装部队理事会

(1) There shall be an Armed Forces Council, which shall be responsible under the general authority of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong for the command, discipline and administration of, and all
other matters relating to, the armed forces, other than matters relating to their operational use.
(1)必须设立一个武装部队理事会，在最高元首统辖下，负责武装部队之指挥、纪律、行政、及其他一切有关武装部队之事务，惟作战任务除外。

(2) Clause (1) has effect subject to the provisions of any federal law, and any such law may provide for the vesting in the Armed Forces Council of any functions with respect to the armed forces.
(2)第(1)款必须在任何联邦法律约束下有效，而任何该等法律可以规定将任何有关武装部队之职能授子武装部队理事会。

(3) The Armed Forces Council shall consist of the following members, that is to say:
(3)武装部队理事会必须由下列成员组成--

(a) the Minister for the time being charged with responsibility for defence, who shall be Chairman;
(a)当时负责掌管国防之部长，由其担任主席：

(b) one member representing Their Royal Highnesses, who shall be appointed by the Conference of Rulers;
(b)由统治者会议委任之各州统治者代表一名；

(c) the Chief of Defence Forces who shall be appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong;
(c)由最高元首委任之国防部队总长；

(d) a civilian member, being the person performing the duties of the office of Secretary General for Defence, who shall act as Secretary to the Council;
(d)一名出任国防部秘书长之民事官员，由其担任理事会秘书；
(e) two senior staff officers of the Federation Armed Forces, appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong;
(e)由最高元首委任之联合邦武装部队两名高级参谋：

(f) a senior officer of the Federation Navy, appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong;
(f)由最高元首委任之联合邦海军一名高级官员；

(g) a senior officer of the Federation Air Force, appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong;
(g)由最高元首委任之联合邦空军一名高级官员；

(h) two, if any, additional members, whether military or civilian, appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong.
(h)由最高元首委任之两名--如有--额外成员，不论是军人或平民。

(4) The Armed Forces Council may act notwithstanding a vacancy in its membership and may, subject to this Constitution and to federal law, provide for all or any of the following matters:
(4)即使武装部队理事会有空缺，仍可处理事务，并依据本宪法及联邦法律处理下列全部或任何事务--

(a) the organization of its work and the manner in which its functions are to be performed, and the keeping of records and minutes;
(a)组织理事会工作与执行职能之方式，及保管档案与会议记录；

(b) the duties and responsibilities of the several members of the Council, including the delegation to any member of the Council of any of its powers or duties;
(b)理事会中各理事之职责与责任，包括将其任何职权或职责委托子任何理事；

(c) the consultation by the Council with persons other than its members;
(c)理事会与非理事人士之磋商；

(d) the procedure to be followed by the Council in conducting its business (including the fixing of a quorum), the appointment, at its option, of a vice-chairman from among its members, and the functions of the vice-chairman;
(d)理事会处理事务时应遵照之程序(包括规定法定人数)；如理事会需要，从各理事中委任一名副主席，并规定其职能；

(e) any other matters for which the Council considers it necessary or expedient to provide for the better performance of its functions.
(e)理事会认为有必要或有利於加强工作表现之任何其他事务。

Article 138. Judicial and Legal Service Commission
第138条 司法与律政委员会

(1) There shall be a Judicial and Legal Service Commission, whose jurisdiction shall extend to all members of the judicial and legal service.
(1) 必须设立一个对所有司法与律政服务人员有管辖权的司法与律政委员会。

(2) The Judicial and Legal Service Commission shall consist of—
(2)司法与律政委员会必须由下列人士组成--

(a) the Chairman of the Public Services Commission, who
shall be Chairman;
(a)公共服务委员会主席，由其担任主席；

(b) the Attorney General or, if the Attorney General is a member of Parliament or is appointed otherwise than from among members of the Judicial and Legal Service,
the Solicitor General; and
(b)总检察长或--如果总检察长为一名国会议员、或并非从司法与律政服务人员中委任时--律政司；及

(c) one or more other members who shall be appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, after consultation with the Chief Justice of the Federal Court, from among persons
who are or have been or are qualified to be a judge of the Federal Court, Court of Appeal or a High Court or shall before Malaysia Day have been a judge of the Supreme Court
(c)一名或一名以上的其他委员，他们必须由最高元首在咨询联邦法院院长後，从现任或前任或有资格成为联邦法院法官、上诉庭、或高等法院法官、或在「马来西亚日」以前曾任最高法院法官之人士中委任。

(3) The person who is secretary to the Public Services Commission shall be secretary also to the Judicial and Legal Service Commission.
(3)公共服务委员会秘书，必须兼任司法与律政委员会秘书。

Article 139. Public Services Commission
第139条 公共服务委员会

(1) There shall be a Public Services Commission, whose jurisdiction shall, subject to Article 144, extend to all persons who are members of the services mentioned in paragraphs (c) and (f)
of Clause (1) of Article 132, other than the Auditor General, to members of the public services of the State of Malacca and the State of Penang, and, to the extent provided by Clause (2), to
members of the public service of any other State.
(1)必须设立一个公共服务委员会，其管辖权必须--在第144条规定下--包括第132条第(1)款(c)及(f)节所列公共服务--除总审计官外--之所有人员、马六甲州及槟城州公共服务人员、以及第(2)款规定范围内之任何其他州公共服务人员。

(1A) The jurisdiction of the Public Services Commission shall extend to—
(1A)公共服务委员会之管辖权必须包括--

(a) members of the general public service of the Federation who are employed in a federal department in the State of Sabah or Sarawak;
(a)受雇於沙巴州或砂拉越州联邦部门之联合邦普通公共服务人员；



(b) members of the public service of the State of Sabah or Sarawak who are seconded to the general public service of the Federation; and
(b)外借给联合邦普通公共服务之沙巴州或砂拉越州公共服务人员；及

(c) members of the public service of the State of Sabah or Sarawak serving in federal posts or in any posts which have become federal posts in that State and who have exercised the option to be members of the general public service of the Federation.
(c)目前正出任联邦职位或在沙巴州或砂拉越州已成为联邦职位之任何职位服务、及自愿选择成为联合邦普通公共服务人员的沙巴州或砂拉越州公共服务人员。

(2) The Legislature of any State other than Malacca and Penang may by law extend the jurisdiction of the Public Services Commission to all or any persons in the public service of that State, but no such law shall take effect earlier than twelve months from the date of its passing; and if at any time there is not, in any such State in which no such law is in force, established and exercising its functions a State Public Service Commission, the jurisdiction of the Public Services Commission shall, if federal law so provides, extend to all members of the public service of that State.
(2)除马六甲州及槟城州外，任何州立法机关可以立法将公共服务委员会之管辖权延伸至该州所有或任何公共服务人员，但该法律不得在通过日期起十二个月内生效；如在任何时期内，任何州未实施上述法律及未设立及行使州公共服务委员会之职能时，如果联邦法律有所规定，公共服务委员会管辖权必须延伸至该州公共服务之所有人员。

(3) Any extension of the jurisdiction of the Public Service Commission made by the Legislature of any State pursuant to Clause (2) may be revoked or modified by a law passed by the legislature of such State.
(3)由任何州立法机关依据第(2)款延伸之公共服务委员会管辖权，可由该州立法机关立法撤消或修改。

(4) The Public Services Commission shall consist of the following members appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong in his discretion but after considering the advice of the Prime Minister and after
consultation with the Conference of Rulers, that is to say, a chairman, a deputy chairman and not less than four other members; but the number of the other members shall not, until the Yang di-Pertuan Agong by order otherwise provides, exceed thirty.
(4)公共服务委员会必须由一名主席、一名副主席，及不少过四名但不超过三十名其他委员组成，其人选必须由最高元首考虑首相之劝告及咨询统治者会议後，依其意旨委任。

(5) Either the chairman or the deputy chairman shall be, and both may be, appointed from among persons who are, or have at any time within the period of five years immediately preceding the date of their first appointment been, members of any of the public services.
(5)主席或副主席必须--或两人皆可以——从现任公共服务人员中、或在其第一次受委日期以前五年内曾为任何一公共服务人员中委任。

(6) A member of any of the public services appointed to be chairman or deputy chairman shall not be eligible for any further appointment in the service of the Federation other than as a member of a Commission to which this Part applies.
(6)任何公共服务人员受委为主席或副主席後，不得再出任任何联合邦职位，除非成为本篇对之施用的委员会委员。

Article 140. Police Force Commission
第140条 警察部队委员会

(1) There shall be a Police Force Commission whose jurisdiction shall extend to all persons who are members of the police force and which, subject to the provisions of any existing law, shall be responsible for the appointment, confirmation, emplacement on the permanent or pensionable establishment, promotion, transfer and exercise of disciplinary control over members of the police force:
Provided that Parliament may by law provide for the exercise of such disciplinary control over all or any of the members of the police force in such manner and by such authority as may be provided in that law, and in that event, if the authority is other than the Commission, the disciplinary control exercisable by such authority shall not be exercised by the Commission; and no provision of such law shall be invalid on the ground of inconsistency with any provision of this Part.
(1)必须设立一个警察部队委员会，以管辖警察部队之所有人员，及——在任何现行法律约束下——负责委任、核准、及安置永久性或可享养老金之职位，及擢升、调职及对警察部队人员实行纪律性控制；
惟规定：
国会可以立法规定以某种方式及由某个机关对警察部队所有或任何人员实行纪律性控制；在该情况下，如果该机关并非警察部队委员会，则警察部队委员会不得实行该机关可实行之纪律性控制，而该法律之规定不得以不符合本篇任何规定为理由而成为无效。

(2) Federal law may provide for the exercise of other functions by the Police Force Commission.
(2)联邦法律可以规定警察部队委员会行使其他职能。

(3) The Police Force Commission shall consist of the following members, that is to say:
(3)警察部队委员会必须由下列成员组成--

(a) the Minister for the time being charged with responsibility for the police, who shall be Chairman;
(a)当时负责警务之部长，由其担任主席；

(b) the officer of police in general command of the police force;
(b)总管警察部队之警官；

(c) the person performing the duties of the office of Secretary General to the Ministry under the Minister for the time being charged with responsibility for the police;
(c)负责警务部长所属部门之秘书长：

(d) a member of the Public Services Commission appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong;
(d)一名由最高元首委任之公共服务委员会委员；

(e) not less than two nor more than six other members, appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong.
(e)不少过两名但不超过六名由最高元首委任之其他委员。


(4) The Yang di-Pertuan Agong may designate as special posts the posts of Inspector General of Police, Deputy Inspector General of Police and any other posts in the police force which in his
opinion are of similar or superior status; and the appointment to any post so designated shall not be made in accordance with Clause (1) but shall be made by the Yang di- Pertuan Agong on
the recommendation of the Police Force Commission.
(4)最高元首可以将警察总长、副警察总长之职位、或他认为具有类似或更高地位之警察职位列为特别职位；任何上述特别职位不得依据第(1)款委任，而必须在警察部队委员会之推荐下，由最高元首委任。

(5) Before acting in accordance with Clause (4) on the recommendation of the Police Force Commission, the Yang di- Pertuan Agong shall consider the advice of the Prime Minister, and may once refer the recommendation back to the Commission in order that it may be reconsidered.
(5)最高元首在警察部队委员会之推荐下依据第(4)款行事之前，必须考虑首相之劝告，并可将该项推荐交回委员会一次，以作重新考虑。

(6) The Police Force Commission may provide for all or any of the following matters:
(6)警察部队委员会可以规定下列全部或任何事务—

(a) the organization of its work and the manner in which its functions are to be performed, and the keeping of records and minutes;

(a)委员会之组织工作与其职能之执行方式，及档案与会议记录之保管；
(b) the duties and responsibilities of the several members of the Commission, including the delegation to any member of the Commission or the police force or board of officers of such force or a committee consisting of members of the Commission and of the force of its powers or duties;

(b)委员会中各委员之职责与责任，包括将其职权或职责委托子该委员会、或警察部队、或警察部队官员局之任何成员、或由委员会委员或部队官员组成之委员会；
(c) the consultation by the Commission with persons other than its members;

(c)委员会与非委员人士之磋商；
(d) the procedure to be followed by the Commission in conducting its business (including the fixing of a quorum), the appointment, at its option, of a vice-chairman from among its members, and the functions of the vice-chairman;

(d)委员会处理事务时应遵照之程序(包括规定法定人数)；如委员会需要，从各委员中委任一名副主席，并规定其职能；
(e) any other matters for which the Commission considers it necessary or expedient to provide for the better performance of its functions.

(e)委员会认为有必要或有利於加强工作表现之任何其他小务。

(7) In this Article “transfer” does not include transfer without change of rank within the police force.
(7)本条中，「调职」(transfer)不包括在警察部队内不涉及警阶变动之调职。

Article 141. (Repealed).
第14l条 (已废除)

Article 141A. Secondment of officers
第141A条 教育服务委员会

(1) There shall be an Education Service Commission, whose jurisdiction shall, subject to Article 144, extend to all persons who are members of the service mentioned in paragraph (h) of Clause (1) of Article 132.
(1)必须设立一个在第144条约束下对第132条第(1)款(h)节所列所有公共服务人员有管辖权的教育服务委员会。

(2) The Education Service Commission shall consist of the following members appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong in his discretion but after considering the advice of the Prime Minister and after consultation with the Conference of Rulers, that is to say, a Chairman, a Deputy Chairman and not less than four other members; but the number of the other members shall not, until the
Yang di-Pertuan Agong by order otherwise provides, exceed eight.*
(2)教育服务委员会必须由一名主席、一名副主席、及不少过四名但不超过八名其他委员组成，其人选必须由最高元首考虑首相之劝告及资讯统治者会议後，依其意旨委任。

(3) A member of any of the public services appointed to be Chairman or Deputy Chairman shall not be eligible for any further appointment in the service of the Federation other than as a member of a Commission to which this Part applies.
(3)任何公共服务人员受委为主席或副主席後，不得再出任任何联合邦职位，除非成为本篇对之 施用的委员会委员。

Article 142.
第142条 关於各委员会之通则

(1) Subject to paragraph (a) of Clause (3) of Article 140, a member of either House of Parliament or of the Legislative Assembly of a State shall not be or be appointed to be a member of a Commission to which this Part applies.
(1)在第140(3)(a)条约束下，国会任何一院或州立法议会议员，不得受委为本篇对之施用的委员会。

(2) Subject to Clause (3), a person shall not be appointed to be a member of any of the Commissions to which this Part applies if he is, and shall be removed by order of the Yang di- Pertuan Agong if he becomes—
(2)在第(3)款约束下，任何人不得受委为本篇对之施用的任何委员会委员，并须由最高元首谕令罢免，如果他已是或成为—

(a) a member of any of the public services;
(a) 任何一公共服务人员；




(b) an officer or employee of any local authority, or of any body, whether corporate or otherwise, or of any body or authority established by law for public purposes;
(b)任何地方政府或任何团体——不论是否为法人团体——或依据法律为公众事务而设立之任何机构或机关之一名官员或雇员；

(c) a member of a trade union or of a body or association affiliated to a trade union.
(c)一职工会会员、或附属职工会之团体或社团之一名会员。

(2A) In addition to any disqualification provided under Clause (2), the chairman or deputy chairman of any of the Commissions to which this Part applies shall be disqualified from holding such office if after three months of his appointment to such office or at any time thereafter he is or becomes a member of any board of directors or board of management, or an officer or employee, or engages in the affairs or business, of any organization or body, whether corporate or otherwise, or of any commercial, industrial or other undertaking, whether or not he receives any remuneration, reward, profit or benefit from it:
(2A)除第(2)款规定之任何资格丧失外，本篇对之施用的任何委员会主席或副主席必须丧失出任该职位资格，如果他在受委任该职位後三个月或以後之任何时间，他出任或成为任何机构或团体——不论是否为法人团体--或任何商业、工业、或其他事业之任何董事会或管理局之成员或职员或雇员、或涉及任何机构或团体之事务及业务，不论他是否有从中获取任何薪酬、酬劳、利润或利益；
Provided that such disqualification shall not apply where such organization or body carries out any welfare or voluntary work or objective beneficial to the community or any part thereof, or any
other work or objective of a charitable or social nature, and the member does not receive any remuneration, reward, profit or benefit from it
惟规定：当该机构或团体乃从事任何福利或志愿工作、或其宗旨对社会或其任何部份有利、或其他属於慈善或福利性质之工作或宗旨，而该成员并未从中攫取任何薪酬、酬劳、利润或利益，上述丧失资格规定不得施用。

(3) Clause (2) does not apply to ex officio members; and a member of any of the public services may be appointed to be and remain Chairman or Deputy Chairman and, if he is on leave prior
to retirement, he may be appointed to be another member, of any of the said Commissions.
(3)第(2)款不得对当然委员施用：而任何一公共服务人员可以受委任及继续担任主席或副主席；又如果他在退休前休假，他可以受委任为上述任何委员会之一名委员。
(3A)当任何一委员会主席在任何期间内在最高元首批准下休假、或因离开联合邦、疾病或其他原因而不能执行其职能时，该委员会副主席必须在该期间执行主席之职能：如副主席亦缺勤或未能执行该等职能，最高元首可以委任一名委员在该期间执行主席之职能。

(3) Clause (2) does not apply to ex officio members; and a member of any of the public services may be appointed to be and remain Chairman or Deputy Chairman and, if he is on leave prior
to retirement, he may be appointed to be another member, of any of the said Commissions.
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(4) Where, during any period, a member of any of the said Commissions has been granted leave of absence by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or is unable, owing to his absence from the Federation, illness or any other cause, to discharge his functions as a member, then—
(4)当任何一委员会委员在任何期间内在最高元旨批准下休假、或因离开联合邦、疾病或其他原因而不能执行其委员职能时--
(a) if he is an appointed member, the Yang di- Pertuan Agong may appoint to exercise his functions during that period any person who would be qualified to be appointed in his place, and the appointment of such a person shall be made in the same manner as that of the member whose functions he is to exercise;
(a)如果他是一名受委任委员，最高元首可以委任有资格代其职位之任何人士在该期间行使其职能：委任上述人士之力式必须与委任由其代行职能之原任委员者相同；

(b) if he is an ex officio member, any person authorized under federal law to perform the functions of his office may during that period perform also his functions as a member of the Commission.
(b)如果他是一名当然委员，任何由联邦法律授权行使其职能之人士，可以在该期间内代行其委员职能。

(5) A Commission to which this Part applies may act notwithstanding a vacancy in its membership, and no proceedings of such a Commission shall be invalidated by reason only that
some person not entitled thereto has taken part in them.
(5)本篇对之施用的委员会即使有委员空缺，仍可处理事务；而其所处理之事务，不得只因一些无权参与的人土的参与而失效。

(6) Before exercising his functions as a member of any of the said Commissions or under Clause (4) any person other than an ex officio member shall take and subscribe before a judge of the Federal Court, of the Court of Appeal or of a High Court the oath of office and allegiance set out in the Sixth Schedule.
(6)上述任何委员会之委员、或依据第(4)款代职的任何人士(当然委员除外)在执行其职能前，必须依据「第六附录」之就职与效忠誓词，在联邦法院、上诉庭或高等法院法官面前宣誓及签署誓词。


Article 143. Conditions of service of members of Commissions
第143条 各委员会委员之服务条件

(1) Save as provided under Clause (2) of Article 142, a member of a Commission to which this Part applies, other than an ex officio member—
(1)除第142(2)条规定及当然委员外，本篇对之施用的委员会委员

(a) shall be appointed for a term of five years or, if the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, acting in his discretion but after considering the advice of the Prime Minister, in a particular case so determines, for such shorter term as he may so determine;
(a)必须受委任期五年、或最高元首在考虑首相之劝告後，因特殊情况而依其意旨决定之较短任期；


(b) may, unless disqualified, be reappointed from time to time; and
(b)除非被丧失资格，否则可以重新受委任；及

(c) may at any time resign his office but shall not be removed from office except on the like grounds and in the like manner as a judge of the Federal Court.
(c)可以随时辞职，但不得被罢免，除非以罢免联邦法院法官之相似理由及相似方式罢免。

(2) Parliament shall by law provide for the remuneration of any member of the said Commission other than a member for whose remuneration as holder of any other office provision is made by
federal law; and the remuneration so provided shall be charged on the Consolidated Fund.
(2)国会必须立法规定上述委员会任何委员之薪酬，惟因担任其他职务而由联邦法律规定薪酬之委员除外；据此规定之薪酬必须归「统一基金」直接负担。

(3) The remuneration and other terms of office of a member of a Commission to which this Part applies shall not be altered to his disadvantage after his appointment.
(3)本篇对之施用的委员会委员之薪酬及其他服务条件，不得在其受委任後作出对他不利之更改。

Article 144. Functions of Service Commissions
第144条 各服务委员会之职能

(1) Subject to the provisions of any existing law and to the provisions of this Constitution, it shall be the duty of a Commission to which this Part applies to appoint, confirm, emplace on the permanent or pensionable establishment, promote, transfer and exercise disciplinary control over members of the service or services to which its jurisdiction extends.
(1)在任何现行法律及本宪法规定约束下，本篇对之施用的委员会必须负责其管辖范围内人员之委任、核准、安置永久性或可享养老金之职位，棹升、调职、及执行纪律性控制。

(2) Federal law may provide for the exercise of other functions by any such Commission.
(2)联邦法律可以规定各委员会行使其他职能。

(3) The Yang di-Pertuan Agong may designate as special posts any post held by the head or deputy head of a department or by an officer who in his opinion is of similar status; and the appointment to any post so designated shall not be made in accordance with Clause (1) but shall be made by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong on the recommendation of the Commission whose jurisdiction extends to the service in which the post is held.
(3)最高元首可以指定一部门之首长或副首长、或他认为具有相似地位之官员所担任之职位为特别职位；任何受指定之职位不得依据第(1)款委任，而必须在管辖此职位之委员会推荐下，由最高元首委任。

(4) The Ruler or Yang di-Pertua Negeri of a State may designate as special posts any posts in the public service of his State held by the head or deputy head of a department or by an officer who
in his opinion is of similar status; and the appointment to any post so designated shall not be made in accordance with Clause (1) but shall be made by the Ruler or Yang di-Pertua Negeri on the recommendation of the Public Services Commission (or, if there is in the State a State Public Service Commission, on the recommendation of that Commission).
(4)州统治者或州元首可以指定其州内公共服务之部门首长或副首长、或他认为具有相似地位之官员所担任之任何职位为特别职位：任何受指定之职位不得依据第(1)款委任，而必须在公共服务委员会推荐下(或，如在该州内有州公共服务委员会，在该委员会推荐下)，由州统治者或州元首委任。

(5) Before acting, in accordance with Clause (3) or (4), on the recommendation of the Commission therein mentioned—
(5)在上述委员会推荐下而在依据第(3)或第(4)款作出委任之前

(a) the Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall consider the advice of the Prime Minister; and
(a)最高元首必须考虑首相之劝告：及

(b) the Ruler or Yang di-Pertua Negeri shall consider the advice of the Chief Minister of his State, and may once refer the recommendation back to the Commission in order that it may be reconsidered.
(b)州统治者或州元首必须考虑其州首席部长之劝告，并可将该项推荐交回委员会一次，以作重新考虑。

(5A) Save as provided in Clause (5B), federal law and, subject to the provisions of any such law, regulations made by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong may, notwithstanding the provisions of Clause
(1) of Article 135, provide for the exercise by any officer in a service to which the jurisdiction of a Commission to which this Part applies extends, or by any board of such officers, of any of the functions of the Commission under Clause (1): (5A) Save as provided in Clause (5B), federal law and, subject to the provisions of any such law, regulations made by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong may, notwithstanding the provisions of Clause (1) of Article 135, provide for the exercise by any officer in a service to which the jurisdiction of a Commission to which this Part applies extends, or by any board of such officers, of any of the functions of the Commission under Clause (1):Provided that—
(5A)除第(5B)款规定外，即使有第135(1)条规定，联邦法律及以任何依据联邦法律而由最高元首制定之条例，可以规定本篇对之施用的委员会管辖下之任何公共服务官员、或由该等官员组成之任何局，行使该委员会在第(1)款下之任何职能；惟规定：

(a) no such law or regulation may provide for the exercise by any such officer or board of officers of any power of first appointment to the permanent or pensionable establishment, or of any power of promotion (other than promotion to an acting appointment); and
(a)上述法律或条例不得规定官员或官员组成之局，拥有第一次委任永久性或可享养老金职位、或擢升(棹升署理职位者除外)之权力；及


(b) any person aggrieved by the exercise by any such officer or board of officers of any power of disciplinary control may appeal to the Commission within such time and in such manner as may be prescribed by any such law or regulations, and the Commission may make such order thereon as it may consider just.
(b)任何人对该等官员或官员组成之局所行使之任何纪律性控制权力感到不满，可以依据上述任何法律或条例所规定之期限及方式向该委员会提出上诉，而该委员会可以作出其认为公平之训令。


(5B)
(i) Notwithstanding the provisions of Clause (1) of Article 135 and Article 139 and Article 141A, all the powers and functions of the Public Services Commission or the Education Service Commission established under Article 139 and Article 141A, other than the power of first appointment to the permanent or pensionable establishment, may be exercised by a board appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong.
(5B) (i)即使有第135(1)、139及14lA条之规定，依据第135及14lA条设立之公共服务委员会或教育服务委员会之所有权力与职能——除第一次委任永久性或可享养老金职位之权力外--可以由最高元首委任之局行使。

(ii) Any person aggrieved by the exercise by the board of any of the aforesaid powers or functions may appeal to an Appeal Board appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong.
(ii) 任何人对该局行使上述任何权力或职能感到不满，可以向由最高元首委任之上诉局提出上诉。

(iii) The Yang di-Pertuan Agong may by regulations provide for matters relating to the appointments of the members of, and the procedure to be followed by, the board or the Appeal Board under this Clause.
(iii) 最高元首可以条例规定有关依据本款设立之局或上诉局成员之委任、及其应遵循之程序。

(iv) Where the Yang di-Pertuan Agong has appointed the board under paragraph (i) of this Clause for the purpose of exercising any of the powers or functions referred to under that paragraph, such power or function shall so long as it remains a power or function to be exercised by the board, cease to be exercisable by the said Commission.
(iv)当最高元首已依据本款(a)节设立一个局以行使该节所列任何权力或职能时，只要该权力或职能仍继续由该局行使，该委员会必须停止行使该权力或职能。

(6) A Commission to which this Part applies may delegate to any officer in a service to which its jurisdiction extends, or to any board of such officers appointed by it, any of its functions under
Clause (1) in respect of any grade of service, and that officer or board shall exercise those functions under the direction and the control of the Commission.
(6)本篇对之施用的委员会可以授权由其管辖之公共服务之任何官员、或由其委任之该等官员所组成之任何局行使第(1)款所列有关各等级服务之任何职能，而该官员或局必须依据该委员会之指示或管制执行该等职能。

(6A) In respect of members of the general public service of the Federation who are employed in posts ancillary to the armed forces or any of them or to the police force, or in respect of any grade of members of that service who are so employed, functions of the Public Services Commission may, under Clause (5A) or (6), be made exercisable by an officer or board of officers of the armed forces or police force, as the case may be, as if he or they were members of the general public service of the Federation.
(6A)对於隶属联合邦普通公共服务而受雇於辅助各武装部队或警察部队的人员、或对该服务中据此受雇之各等级人员，公共服务委员会之职能可以依据第(5A)或第(6)款规定，由武装部队或警察部队--视情况而定——之一名官员或多名官员组成之局行使，一如他或他们为联合邦普通公共服务人员那样。



(7) In this Article “transfer” does not include transfer without change of rank within a department of Government.
(7)本条中，「调职」(transfer)不包括在同一政府部门内不涉及官阶变动之调职。

(8) A Commission to which this Part applies may, subject to the provisions of this Constitution and of federal law, make rules regulating its procedure and specifying the number of its members
which are to constitute a quorum.
(8)本篇对之施用的委员会可以在本宪法及联邦法律约束下，制定议事程序及规定法定人数。

Article 145. Attorney General
第145条 总检察长

(1) The Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall, on the advice of the Prime Minister, appoint a person who is qualified to be a judge of the Federal Court to be the Attorney General for the Federation.
(1)最高元首必须依据首相之劝告，委任一名有资格出任联邦法院法官之人士出任联合邦总检察长。

(2) It shall be the duty of the Attorney General to advise the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or the Cabinet or any Minister upon such legal matters, and to perform such other duties of a legal character, as may from time to time be referred or assigned to him by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or the Cabinet, and to discharge the functions conferred on him by or under this Constitution or any other written law.
(2)总检察长之职务为向最高元首、或内阁或任何部长提供有关法律事务之劝告，及履行由最高元首或内阁经常提交或指派具有
法律性质之其他职责，并执行本宪法或任何其他成文法授子他的职能。

(3) The Attorney General shall have power, exercisable at his discretion, to institute, conduct or discontinue any proceedings for an offence, other than proceedings before a Syariah court, a native court or a court-martial.
(3)总检察长必须有权自行决定应否提出、进行或中止任何犯罪之诉讼，惟不包括回教法庭、土著法庭、或军事法庭之诉讼。

(3A) Federal law may confer on the Attorney General power to determine the courts in which or the venue at which any proceedings which he has power under Clause (3) to institute shall be instituted or to which such proceedings shall be transferred.
(3A)联邦法律可以授权总检察长将他在第(3)款下有权提控之任何案件提交或转移王任何法庭或地点审讯。

(4) In the performance of his duties the Attorney General shall have the right of audience in, and shall take precedence over any other person appearing before, any court or tribunal in the Federation.
(4)总检察长在执行其职务时，有权出席联合邦之任何法院或特别法庭，并较其他任何出席人士有优先权。

(5) Subject to Clause (6), the Attorney General shall hold office during the pleasure of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and may at any time resign his office and, unless he is a member of the Cabinet, shall receive such remuneration as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong may determine.
(5)在第(6)款约束下，总检察长必须依最高元首意旨任职，并可随时辞职；又，除非他是内阁成员，必须领取最高元首决定之斩酬。
(6) The person holding the office of Attorney General immediately prior to the coming into operation of this Article shall continue to hold the office on terms and conditions not less favourable than those applicable to him immediately before such coming into operation and shall not be removed from office except on the like grounds and in the like manner as a judge of the Federal Court.
(6)在本条生效前已出任总检察长之人士，必须以不逊於原有之服务条件继续任职，而且不得被罢免，除非以罢免联邦法院法官之相似理由及相似方式罢免。


Article 146. Reports of Commissions
第146条 各委员会报告书

(1) Each of the Commissions to which this Part applies shall make an annual report on its activities to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and copies of those reports shall be laid before both Houses
of Parliament.
(1)本篇对之施用的每一个委员会必须向最高元首提呈常年会务报告书，副本提交国会两院。

(2) The Public Services Commission shall send a copy of every report made under this Article to the Ruler or Yang di-Pertua Negeri of each State to members of whose public service their
jurisdiction extends, and the Ruler or Yang di-Pertua Negeri shall lay it before the Legislative Assembly.
(2)公共服务委员会在本条下提出之报告书，其副本必须呈交给对该州公共服务人员有管辖权之每一州之统治者或州元首，由统治者或州元首转呈州立法议会。

Article 146A. (Repealed).
第146A条 (已废除)

Article 146B. (Repealed).
第146B条 (已废除)

Article 146C. (Repealed).
第146C条 (已废除)

Article 146D. Jurisdiction of Police Force Commission over seconded members of State service in States of Sabah and Sarawak
第146D条 警察部队委员会对沙巴州及砂拉越州外借州服务人员之管辖权

(1)Notwithstanding Clause (2) of Article 134, the jurisdiction of the Police Force Commission shall extend to members of the public service of the State of Sabah or Sarawak who are seconded
to the police force; and for purposes of the Police Force Commission they shall be deemed to be members of the police force.
(1)即使有第134(2)条规定，警察部队委员会必须对外借至警察部队之沙巴州或砂拉越州公共服务人员有管辖权；而为警察部队委员会目的，他们必须被视为警察部队人员。

(2) (Repealed).
(2) (已废除)

(3) (Repealed).
(3) (已废除)

Article 147. Protection of pension rights
第147条 养老金权利之保障

(1) The law applicable to any pension, gratuity or other like allowance (in this Article referred to as an “award”) granted to a member of any of the public services, or to his widow, children,
dependant or personal representatives, shall be that in force on the relevant day or any later law not less favourable to the person to whom the award is made.
(1)施用於发给任何公共服务人员或其遗孀、子女、家属、或个人代表之任何养老金、恩俸金、或其他类似性质津贴(本条称为
「赏赐」)之法律，必须为在有关日期时正在施行之法律，或对获赏赐者无不利影响之任何较後之法律。

(2) For the purposes of this Article the relevant day is—
(2)为本条目的，有关日期为--

(a) in relation to an award made before Merdeka Day, the date on which the award was made;
(a)有关「独立日」前发给之赏赐，发给该赏赐之日期；

(b) in relation to an award made after Merdeka Day to or in respect of any person who was a member of any of the public services before Merdeka Day, the thirtieth day of
August, nineteen hundred and fifty-seven;
(b)有关「独立日」後发给「独立日」前曾属任何一公共服务人员之赏赐，一九五七年八月三十日；

(e) in relation to an award made to or in respect of any person who first became a member of any of the public services on or after Merdeka Day, the date on which he
first became such a member.
(c)有关发给在「独立日」或以後第一次成为任何公共服务人员的人士之赏赐，第一次成为该人员之日期。

(3) For the purposes of this Article, where the law applicable to an award depends on the option of the person to whom it is made, the law for which he opts shall be taken to be more favourable
to him than any other law for which he might have opted.
(3)为本条目的，当施用於赏赐之法律可由获赏赐者选择时，获赏赐者必须选择对他较有利之法律。


Article 148. Interpretation of Part X
第148条 第十篇之释义

(1) References in this Constitution to a Commission to which this Part applies are, unless the context otherwise requires, references to any of the Commissions established under Articles 138 to 141A.
(1)除文中另有规定外，本宪法所提及本篇对之施用的委员会，指依据第138至141A条设立之任何委员会。
(2) In this Part “ex officio member” includes a Minister and a judge of the Federal Court, of the Court of Appeal or of a High Court and “State Public Service Commission” means, in relation to any State, a Commission exercising functions in respect of members of the public service of the State and corresponding in status and jurisdiction to the Public Services Commission.
2)本篇中，「当然委员」(ex officio member) 包括部长及联邦法院、或上诉庭、或高等法院法官； 而「州公共服务委员会」在任何州方面，指行使管辖该州公共服务人员职能、其地位与管辖权与公共服务委员会相应之委员会。