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第五篇 各州

PART V THE STATES
第五篇　各州

Article 70. Precedence of Rulers and Yang di-Pertua-Yang di-Pertua Negeri
第70条 州统治者与州元首之排名[3]
  1. (1) Subject to the precedence of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and his Consort, the Rulers and Yang di-Pertua-Yang di-Pertua Negeri of the States shall take precedence over all other persons and each Ruler or Yang di-Pertuan Negeri shall in his own State take precedence over the other Rulers and Yang di-Pertua-Yang di-Pertua Negeri.
  2. (1) 除最高元首与元首后至尊地位外，各州统治者与州元首必须高於所有的人，而各州统治者或州元首在其本州必须高於他州之统治者与州元首。[1]
  3. (2) Subject to Clause (1), the Rulers shall take precedence over the Yang di-Pertua-Yang di-Pertua Negeri and, among themselves, in accordance with the dates on which they acceded as Rulers, and the Yang di-Pertua-Yang di-Pertua Negeri shall take precedence among themselves in accordance with the dates on which they were appointed as Yang di-Pertua-Yang di-Pertua Negeri; and if Yang di-Pertua-Yang di-Pertua Negeri were appointed on the same day the older shall take precedence over the younger.
  4. (2) 在第(1)款约束下，州统治者必须高於州元首，在州统治者之间则必须依据其登位日期之先後排名，而在州元首之间则依据其被任命为州元首日期之先後排名，若在同一日被任命为州元首，则年长者居先。[2]

Article 71. Federal guarantee of State Constitutions
第71条 联合邦对州宪法之保证[4]
  1. (1) The Federation shall guarantee the right of a Ruler of a State to succeed and to hold, enjoy and exercise the constitutional rights and privileges of Ruler of that State in accordance with the Constitution of that State; but any dispute as to the title to the succession as Ruler of any State shall be determined solely bysuch authorities and in such manner as may be provided by the Constitution of that State.
  2. (1) 联合邦必须保证一州统治者有权依据该州宪法继承、持有、享有、及行使作为该州统治者之宪法权利与特权；但在一州统治者之继承权发生任何纠纷时，必须完全由该州宪法规定之机关与方式裁决。[4]
  3. (2) Clause (1) shall, with the necessary modifications, apply in relation to a Ruling Chief of Negeri Sembilan as it applies to the Ruler of a State.
  4. (2) 第(1)款有关州统治者之规定，连同必要之修订，必须施用於森美兰州统治首长。
  5. (3) If it appears to Parliament that in any State any provision of this Constitution or of the Constitution of that State is being habitually disregarded, Parliament may, notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, by law make provision for securing compliance with those provisions.
  6. (3) 如果国会认为任何一州经常忽视本宪法或该州宪法之规定时，即使本宪法有任何规定，国会可以制定法律确保遵照有关规定。
  7. (4) If at any time the Constitution of any State does not contain the provisions set out in Part I of the Eighth Schedule, with or without the modifications allowed under Clause (5) (hereinafter referred to as “the essential provisions”) or provisions substantially to the same effect, or contains provisions inconsistent with the essential provisions, Parliament may, notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, by law make provision for giving effect in that State to the essential provisions or for removing the inconsistent provisions.
  8. (4) 如果在任何时候任何一州之州宪法中未包含「第八附录」第一部规定(以下简称「必需规定」)，不论是否有包含第(5)款所准许之更改、或实质上兴之相同之规定、或包含不符合该必需规定之规定，国会可以—即使本宪法有任何规定—立法使该必需规定在该州生效、或废除不符合之规定。[5]
  9. (5) The provisions set out in Part I of the Eighth Schedule may be modified by substituting for section 2 or section 4 or both the provisions set out in Part II of that Schedule as an alternative thereto—
  10. (5)「第八附录」第一部之规定可以更改，即以该附录第二部之第二项或第四项或同时两项之规定取代之—
      11. (a) in the case of every State, until the dissolution of the second Legislative Assembly constituted in accordance with those provisions or those provisions so modified;
      (a) 在各州的情况，直至依据该等规定或更改後之规定所组成之下一届州立法议会被解散时为止；
      (b) in the case of Perlis, until such further time as the Legislative Assembly of that State may resolve and, as respects the provision set out in section 2 of that Schedule, indefinitely.
      (b) 在玻璃市的情况，直至该州议会所议决之更长时间期满时为止；王於该附录中第二项之规定，则无时间限制。
  11. (6) A law made for a State in pursuance of this Article shall, unless sooner repealed by Parliament, cease to have effect on such day as a new Legislative Assembly, constituted in that State after the passing of the law, may resolve.
  12. (6) 依据本条为一州制定之法律，除非国会提早加以废除，否则必须在该法律通过後由在该州组成之新议会议决之日期起失效。
  13. (7) In relation to the State of Sabah or Sarawak—
  14. (7) 有关沙巴州及砂垃越州的情况—[6]
      15. (a) Clause (5) shall not apply; but
      (a) 第(5)款不得施用；惟
      (b) until the end of August 1975, or such earlier date as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong with the concurrence of the Yang di-Pertua Negeri may by order direct, Clause (4) shall apply as if the reference to the modifications allowed under Clause (5) were a reference to the modifications made by the Constitution of the State as in force on Malaysia Day.
      (b) 第(4)款必须施用於上述各州至一九七五年八月为止、或直至最高元首徵得州元首同意後所谕令之较早日期为止：—如第(5)款所准许之更改为在「马来西亚日」有效的该州宪法所作之更改那样。
  15. (8) (Repealed).
  16. (8) (已废除) [7]

Article 72. Privileges of Legislative Assembly
第72条 立法议会特权
  1. (1) The validity of any proceedings in the Legislative Assembly of any State shall not be questioned in any court.
  2. (1) 任何一州立法议会议事过程之有效性，不得在任何法院提出质询。
  3. (2) No person shall be liable to any proceedings in any court in respect of anything said or any vote given by him when taking part in proceedings of the Legislative Assembly of any State or of any committee thereof.
  4. (2) 任何人不得因在立法议会议事过程中所发表之任何言论或所投之任何票而被提控於法院。
  5. (3) No person shall be liable to any proceedings in any court in respect of anything published by or under the authority of the Legislative Assembly of any State.
  6. (3) 任何人不得因州立法议会发表或在其权力下发表之任何事项而被提控於任何法院。
  7. (4) Clause (2) shall not apply to any person charged with an offence under the law passed by Parliament under Clause (4) of Article 10 or with an offence under the Sedition Act 1948 as amended by the Emergency (Essential Powers) Ordinance No. 45,1970.
  8. (4) 第(2)款规定不得施用於—在国会依据第10(4)条通过之法律下、或在经「1970年第45号紧急(必需权力)法令」修订後之「1948年煽动法令」下—被提控之任何人士。
    [8]
  9. (5) Notwithstanding Clause (4), no person shall be liable to any proceedings in any court in respect of anything said by him of the Ruler of any State when taking part in any proceedings of the Legislative Assembly of any State or any committee thereof except where he advocates the abolition of the Ruler’s position as the constitutional Ruler of that State.
  10. (5) 即使有第(4)款规定，任何人不得因为参与任何州立法议会或其属下任何委员会议事时谈及有关任何一州统治者而被提控於任何法院，惟当他主张废除作为该州统治者的宪法地位时例外。[9]

NOTES:
注释：

Art. 70:

第70条：
1. Clause (1): The words “Yang di-Pertua Negeri” substituted for “Governor” by Act A354, section 42, in force from 27-08-1976.
[1] 1．第(1)款：在《A354号法令》第42条之下，『州元首』取代『统治者』，于1976年8月27日生效。
2. Clauses (1) and (2): The words “Yang di-Pertua-Yang di-Pertua Negeri” substituted for “Governors” by Act A514, section 19, in force from 27-08-1976.
[2]2. 第(1)和第(2)款：在《A514号法令》第19条之下，『州元首』取代『统治者』，于1976年8月27日生效。
3. See Art. 159(5).
[3] 3. 见第159条(5)款

Art. 71(1):
第71条(1)款：
See Art. 159(5).
[4] 见第159条(5)款

Art. 71(4):
[5] 第71条(4)款：
Act 25/1963, section 8, in force from 29-08-1963, deleted the words “after the thirtieth day of June, nineteen hundred and fifty-nine,” which appeared after “If at any time” in line one, and the words “it appears to Parliament that” which followed immediately thereafter were deleted by Act 26/1963, subsection 12(2), in force from 16-09-1963.
《1963年/25号法令》第8条，于1963年8月29日生效，在第一行『如在任何时间』后的『1959年六月份的30天后，』已删除，同时，接下来的『如在任何时间内』在《1963年/26号法令》第12(2)款之下也被删除，于1963年9月16日生效。

Art. 71(7):
[6] 第71条(7)款：
1. Added by Act 26/1963, subsection 12(1), in force from 16-09-1963. The figures “1975” in paragraph (b) were substituted for “1957” by Act 59/1966, section 2, in force from 16-09-1963.
1．在《1963年/26号法令》第12(1)款之下增入，于1963年9月16日生效。在《1966年/59号法令》第2条之下，(b)项的『1975』取代『1957』，于1963年9月16日生效。
2. The words “Yang di-Pertua Negeri” substituted for “Governor” by Act A354, section 42, in force from 27-08-1976 and the words “the State of Sabah or Sarawak” substituted for “a Borneo State” by Act A514, section 19, in force from 27-08-1976.
2．在《A 354号法令》第42条之下，『州元首』取代『统治者』，于1976年8月27日生效，
而在《A514号法令》第19条之下，『沙巴州及砂垃越州』取代『婆罗洲』，于1976年8月27日生效。

Art. 71(8):
[7] 第71条(8)款：
This Clause which read as follows was inserted by Act 26/1963, subsection 12(1), in force from 16-09-1963, and repealed by Act 59/1966, section 2, in force from 16-09-1963:
“(8) In relation to Singapore Clauses (4) to (6) shall not apply, but no enactment of the Legislature of Singapore making in the Constitution of the State amendments relating to any matter dealt with by the provisions set out in Part I of the Eighth Schedule (as it applies to Singapore) shall have effect unless—
(a) the amendments do not materially affect the operation of the Constitution in relation to those matters; or
(b) the effect of the amendments is confined to inserting provisions so set out or provisions substantially to the same effect (whether or not in substitution for other provisions) or to removing provisions inconsistent with the provisions so set out;
or
(c) the enactment is approved by Act of Parliament.”.
以下条款在《1963年/26号法令》第12(1)款下增补，于1963年9月16日生效，而在《1966年/59号法令》第2款下废除，于1963年9月16日生效：
“(8)對于新加坡而言，第(4) 款至第(6) 款不得施用，但新加坡立法機構的成文法則无法决策在州所修订章程里任何牵涉到有关「第八附录」第一部的规定（因它施用于新加坡）除非—
(a) 对有关事项，该修订章程不会对宪法运作造成重大影响；或
(b) 此修正的之效力只限于加插如此列出之条文，或在相同效力下所根据的条文（无论是否为其他条文的替代），或删除与如此列出之条文 抵触之条文;
或
(c) 该制定是通过《议会法令》”。
Art. 72:
第72条：
Clause (4): Added by Act A30, section 4, in force from 10-03-1971.
[8] 第(4)款：加入《A30号法令》第4条，于1971年3月10日生效。
Clause (5): Added by Act A848, section 6, in force from 30-03-1993.
[9] 第(5)款：加入《A848号法令》第6条，于1993年3月30日生效。

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